Archaeologists uncover ancient Egyptian temple hidden for centuries

In recent archaeological efforts, a temple dating back approximately 2,100 years was discovered in Egypt, near the modern city of Sohag. This significant find occurred at the site of Athribis, approximately 125 miles north of Luxor. Excavations began in 2022, revealing stone structures adorned with reliefs depicting King Ptolemy VIII, who reigned from circa 170 to 116 B.C., engaged in rituals honoring the lion-headed goddess Repit and her son Kolanthes. Project leader Christian Leitz, an Egyptology professor at the University of Tübingen, emphasized that while the temple may be dedicated to Repit, its official name remains unknown. The discovery adds to a wider archaeological exploration in the region that has been ongoing since 2012, highlighting the importance of preserving and studying ancient Egyptian cultural heritage. As archaeologists continued their work, they uncovered various artifacts, including temple utensils and amphorae. Notably, the entrance to one chamber was adorned with reliefs of Repit and Min-Ra, revealing how these deities were perceived during that period. Min-Ra, associated with fertility, was often depicted alongside decans – celestial beings that helped in timekeeping. The presence of two humanoid decans, one with a falcon head and the other with an ibis head, points to the significance of astrology and its connections to religious practices in ancient Egypt. Historical references suggest that decans frequently appeared with gods in temple art, although commonly in larger numbers than seen in this instance. This discovery has opened new avenues for understanding the religious practices attributed to the period of Ptolemaic rule. The Ptolemies actively participated in the construction of temples and religious sites as a means of both political power and cultural integration. By erecting structures dedicated to significant deities like Repit, they sought to reinforce their legitimacy and connection to the rich tapestry of Egyptian mythology. The archaeological team led by Leitz will continue their excavations at Athribis, hoping to uncover further details that will shed light on the temple's original purpose and the surrounding area's spiritual and cultural life. By analyzing the artifacts and inscriptions found, researchers aim to piece together the social and religious context of ancient Egypt during the Ptolemaic era, potentially enriching our understanding of how these ancient societies functioned and interacted with their beliefs in the divine.