Australia includes optional gender identity and sexual orientation questions in census

On August 11, 2026, Australia conducted its census, marking the first time under a center-left Labor Party government since 2011. This census introduced optional questions regarding sexual orientation and gender identity, allowing respondents to disclose if they identify as a gender different from the one assigned at birth. The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) noted a significant interest in these questions during public consultations, reflecting a growing recognition of the importance of collecting data on gender and sexual orientation. The options for sexual orientation include straight, gay or lesbian, bisexual, don't know, prefer not to answer, or a term of the respondent's choice. For gender identity, respondents can choose from man, woman, nonbinary, prefer not to answer, or provide another term. The inclusion of these questions was a promise made by the Labor Party during their campaign for the 2022 elections, which ultimately led to their return to power after nine years. The government faced considerable pressure from LGBTQ+ advocates and some lawmakers, prompting a change in policy regarding the census questions. Prime Minister Anthony Albanese confirmed the inclusion of sexual orientation questions in a radio interview, emphasizing the importance of this data collection. The ABS expects a high response rate, with over 85% of submissions anticipated to be made online. The census is a crucial tool for understanding the demographics of the population, and the addition of these questions aims to provide a more comprehensive view of the diverse identities within Australia. The ABS has also indicated that further inquiries into sexuality and gender, such as intersex status, may be necessary in future censuses to enhance understanding and representation of all Australians. The census is mandatory, and failure to comply can result in fines, highlighting the importance of participation in this national survey.