Lebanon is currently facing a significant shift in its security landscape as the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) prepares to withdraw. First deployed in 1978 and reinforced in 2006, UNIFIL was established to monitor violations of a ceasefire agreement that ended the conflict between Israel and Hezbollah. However, the mandate for UNIFIL has not been extended beyond 2026, largely due to pressure from the United States, which has been actively involved in the region's security dynamics. The US has expressed intentions to work closely with Lebanon and Israel to support the disarmament of Hezbollah, a key player in the ongoing tensions. This trilateral framework involves the Lebanese military taking steps to clear specific areas of Hezbollah's arsenal, which has raised concerns about the potential for increased conflict. The situation is further complicated by the fact that Hezbollah has vowed to continue its resistance against Israel, indicating that any efforts to disarm the group may face significant challenges. France, traditionally a partner in Lebanon's security matters, has been sidelined by the US in recent negotiations, despite its involvement in a 2024 ceasefire deal. Italy has emerged as a more favorable European partner for both Lebanon and Israel, pledging to continue its military mission in Lebanon and lead a Military Technical Committee aimed at coordinating support for the Lebanese Armed Forces. The proposed replacement for UNIFIL would involve a more robust international force that could engage in joint operations with the Lebanese military, but the specifics of these operations remain unclear. The key challenge for any new force will be addressing Hezbollah's arsenal directly, as failure to do so could limit its effectiveness in restoring state control over weapons. The ongoing situation in Lebanon reflects a complex interplay of local and international interests, with the potential for significant consequences for regional stability.